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League of Jewish Women (Germany)
The League of Jewish Women in Germany ((ドイツ語:Jüdischer Frauenbund), JFB) was founded in 1904 by Bertha Pappenheim. Pappenheim led the JFB throughout the first twenty years of its existence, and remained active in it until her death in 1936.〔Dick/Sassenberg, S. 306〕
== Growth out of the Women's Movement ==
The JFB followed the 1899 founding of the German Evangelical Women's Association ((ドイツ語:Deutsch-Evangelischer Frauenbund)), as well as the founding in 1903 of the Catholic Women's Association of Germany ((ドイツ語:Katholischer Frauenbund)).〔Kaplan 1997, S. 26〕 It was the part of the period of activity some call "First-wave feminism", in which women in some countries, including Germany, led movements aimed to increase women's rights. The foundation of the JFB shaped a distinct movement situated at the intersection of German society and Jewish tradition.〔Carlebach, S. 63〕 From 1907 the JFB was a member of the Union of German Feminist Organizations ((ドイツ語:Bund Deutscher Frauenvereine), BDF), which had been developed as an umbrella organization for the various women's associations. 〔Kaplan 1997, S. 73〕
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